Term | Main definition |
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Injunctive relief | A court order to stop doing a particular act. |
Insolvency | Inability or lack of means to pay debts. |
Judge | The public officer authorized to preside over, hear and determine cases in a court of law. |
Judge Pro Tempore | A person assigned to perform the duties of a judge on a temporary basis. |
Judgment | The official decision by a court regarding the rights and claims of the person to a civil or criminal lawsuit. |
Judicial Performance Review | The process, as required by the Arizona Constitution, to periodically review the performance of judges appointed by the governor. |
Jurisdiction | The court that is in charge depending on the geographic area, type of case, or amount of money involved. |
Jury Commissioner | Court officer who ensures that potential jurors are available to serve when needed by the courts. |
Jury Foreman | The presiding member of the grand or petit jury, chosen by the members, who speaks or answers for the jury. |
Justice Court | A lower, limited jurisdiction court. In justice courts, the judges are elected officials called Justices of the Peace. |
Juvenile | Any person under 18 years of age. |
Law | Provision that regulates the conduct of society, primarily generated by the legislative branch of government. |
Limited Jurisdiction Court | A court that may hear and decide limited types of cases. In Arizona, these are the justice and municipal courts. |
Litigant | A person or persons involved in a lawsuit. |
Litigation | A judicial contest that seeks a decision from the court. |
Magistrate | Often used to refer to a municipal court judge, but A.R.S. 1-215 provides a broad definition that includes all judicial officers with power to issue a warrant for arrest: includes a Supreme Court justice and judges of the superior, justice and municipal courts. |
Mandamus | Also known as a writ of mandamus is an order of a court to an inferior government agency, official, or corporation, for the person or entity to perform or correct or abstain from an act that is required by law. |
Material Breach | A material breach of a contract is a significant violation of an agreement which can result in the complete termination of the agreement and the ability for the wronged party to sue for damages. |
Mechanic's Lien | A specific legal tool used to recover payment for labor or services that were performed at a building or a construction site that have not been paid. A person who was not paid for their services would seek a judgement for a mechanic’s lien and if granted the lien would be attached to the property to be paid when the property was sold. |
Merit Selection | A system for a judicial nomination commission to recommend candidates for judicial appointments to the governor. |